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Albia Learning Hub is a professional e-learning platform dedicated to making accounting, taxation, and business compliance practical, clear, and accessible for students, business owners, and non-accountants. Our courses are built on real-world Philippine business experience and designed using plain-language explanations, relevant SME-based case studies, and step-by-step guidance. Through self-paced modules, interactive learning materials, and compliance-focused content, learners gain the confidence to understand financial information, meet regulatory requirements, and make informed business decisions. Albia Learning Hub believes that financial literacy is an essential skill for anyone managing, growing, or supporting a business in today’s competitive environment.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Accounting and Taxation for Students and Business Owners
PART I – FOUNDATIONS OF ACCOUNTING
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Accounting
1.1 Overview of Accounting
1.2 Accounting as an Information System
1.3 Users of Accounting Information
1.4 Importance of Accounting to Businesses
1.5 Accounting and Bookkeeping Distinguished
1.6 Limitations of Accounting
1.7 Accounting in a Business Context
Chapter 2 – Basic Accounting Concepts and Principles
2.1 Business Entity Concept
2.2 Money Measurement Concept
2.3 Going Concern Assumption
2.4 Accrual Basis vs Cash Basis
2.5 Matching Principle
2.6 Consistency and Prudence
Chapter 3 – Accounting Equation and the Double-Entry System
3.1 The Accounting Equation
3.2 Assets, Liabilities, and Equity
3.3 Income and Expenses
3.4 Debit and Credit Rules
3.5 Effects of Transactions on the Accounting Equation
PART II – THE ACCOUNTING PROCESS
Chapter 4 – The Accounting Cycle
4.1 Identifying Business Transactions
4.2 Journalizing Transactions
4.3 Posting to the Ledger
4.4 Preparing the Trial Balance
4.5 Adjusting Entries
4.6 Closing Entries
4.7 Overview of Financial Statements
Chapter 5 – Books of Accounts and Record-Keeping
5.1 General and Special Journals
5.2 Cash Receipts and Cash Disbursements Journals
5.3 Sales and Purchases Journals
5.4 Chart of Accounts for Small Businesses
5.5 Manual vs Computerized Accounting
PART III – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Chapter 6 – Income Statement
6.1 Purpose and Importance
6.2 Revenue Recognition
6.3 Expense Classification
6.4 Gross Profit and Net Income
6.5 Common Income Statement Errors
Chapter 7 – Balance Sheet
7.1 Purpose and Structure
7.2 Classification of Assets
7.3 Classification of Liabilities
7.4 Owner’s Equity
7.5 Interpreting Financial Position
Chapter 8 – Statement of Cash Flows
8.1 Nature of Cash Flow
8.2 Operating Activities
8.3 Investing Activities
8.4 Financing Activities
8.5 Profit vs Cash Flow
PART IV – INTRODUCTION TO TAXATION
Chapter 9 – Overview of Taxation
9.1 Meaning and Purpose of Taxation
9.2 Types of Taxes
9.3 Taxpayers and Tax Obligations
9.4 Role of Tax Authorities
Chapter 10 – Business Registration and Basic Tax Compliance
10.1 Business Registration Requirements
10.2 Books of Accounts and Official Receipts
10.3 Filing and Payment Responsibilities
10.4 Penalties, Surcharges, and Interest
PART V – INCOME TAXATION
Chapter 11 – Income Tax for Individuals
11.1 Employees and Self-Employed Individuals
11.2 Taxable and Non-Taxable Income
11.3 Allowable Deductions
11.4 Basic Income Tax Computation
Chapter 12 – Income Tax for Businesses
12.1 Business Income Tax Overview
12.2 Sole Proprietorships and Corporations
12.3 Deductible and Non-Deductible Expenses
12.4 Common Income Tax Errors
PART VI – BUSINESS TAXES
Chapter 13 – Value-Added Tax and Percentage Tax
13.1 Nature of Value-Added Tax
13.2 VAT-Registered vs Non-VAT Businesses
13.3 Output and Input VAT
13.4 Percentage Tax Overview
Chapter 14 – Withholding Taxes
14.1 Concept of Withholding Tax
14.2 Expanded Withholding Tax
14.3 Withholding Tax on Compensation
14.4 Filing and Remittance
PART VII – PAYROLL AND STATUTORY COMPLIANCE
Chapter 15 – Payroll Accounting
15.1 Components of Payroll
15.2 Gross Pay and Net Pay
15.3 Payroll Records and Controls
Chapter 16 – Statutory Contributions
16.1 Social Security Contributions
16.2 Health Insurance Contributions
16.3 Housing Fund Contributions
16.4 Employer Compliance Responsibilities
PART VIII – TAX COMPLIANCE AND BUSINESS RISK
Chapter 17 – Tax Audits and Compliance Risks
17.1 Reasons for Tax Audits
17.2 Common Audit Findings
17.3 Taxpayer Rights and Obligations
17.4 Importance of Proper Documentation
PART IX – ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS DECISIONS
Chapter 18 – Using Accounting and Tax Information for Decisions
18.1 Cost Awareness and Pricing
18.2 Budgeting and Forecasting
18.3 Break-Even Analysis
18.4 Tax Planning vs Tax Evasion