Welcome to the Albia Learning Hub of albia.com.ph — a practical learning platform for accounting, taxation, payroll, and business compliance in the Philippines.
As an Accounting Manager and CPA public practitioner, I created this Learning Hub to share practical knowledge, real-world experiences, and lessons learned from actual accounting operations, tax compliance work, financial reporting, payroll management, and business advisory engagements.
Over the years, I have encountered many students, business owners, freelancers, and even non-accountants who struggle with accounting and taxation because the topics are often explained in a very technical and complicated way. Through this platform, my goal is to simplify these concepts using practical examples, step-by-step discussions, SME-based situations, and real Philippine business applications that learners can easily understand and apply.
The lessons in this Learning Hub are designed not only to discuss theories, but also to provide practical insights based on actual accounting and business experience. Whether you are learning accounting for the first time, managing your own business, handling bookkeeping responsibilities, or trying to improve your understanding of taxes and compliance, this platform aims to help you become more confident and informed in handling financial and business matters.
Welcome to Your Learning Journey
Thank you for visiting the Albia Learning Hub.
If you are new to accounting, taxation, payroll, or business compliance, this section will help guide you on where to begin. As someone working both as an Accounting Manager and a CPA public practitioner, one of the most common situations I encounter is that many people try to learn advanced tax filing or compliance procedures without first understanding the accounting concepts behind them. Because of this, they often become confused, overwhelmed, or intimidated by accounting and taxation.
For this reason, I strongly recommend starting with the fundamentals first before moving into more technical topics.
The Learning Hub is organized in a step-by-step structure so learners can gradually build their understanding from basic accounting concepts to taxation, payroll, compliance, and business risk management.
PART I – FOUNDATIONS OF ACCOUNTING
2.1 Business Entity Concept
2.2 Monetary Measurement Concept
2.3 Going Concern Assumption
2.4 Accrual Basis vs Cash Basis of Accounting
2.5 Matching Principle
2.6 Consistency, Prudence, and Materiality
2.7 Introduction to PAS and PFRS Concepts
3.1 The Basic Accounting Equation
3.2 Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s Equity
3.3 Revenue and Expense Accounts
3.4 Rules of Debit and Credit
3.5 Analyzing Transactions Using the Accounting Equation
3.6 Introduction to the Double-Entry Framework
3.7 Common Errors in Recording Transactions
PART II – THE ACCOUNTING PROCESS
4.1 Identifying and Analyzing Business Transactions
4.2 Journalizing Transactions
4.3 Posting Entries to the Ledger
4.4 Preparing the Trial Balance
4.5 Adjusting Entries and Accruals
4.6 Closing Entries and Temporary Accounts
4.7 Overview of Financial Statements
4.8 Common Accounting Cycle Errors
5.1 General Journals and Special Journals
5.2 Cash Receipts and Cash Disbursements Journals
5.3 Sales and Purchases Journals
5.4 Designing a Chart of Accounts for SMEs
5.5 Manual vs Computerized Accounting Systems
5.6 Introduction to Accounting Software
5.7 BIR Requirements for Books of Accounts
5.8 Record Retention and Documentation Practices
PART III – UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6.1 Purpose and Importance of the Income Statement
6.2 Revenue Recognition Concepts
6.3 Classification of Business Expenses
6.4 Gross Profit, Operating Income, and Net Income
6.5 Common Income Statement Errors
6.6 Basic Financial Performance Analysis
7.1 Purpose and Structure of the Balance Sheet
7.2 Current and Non-Current Assets
7.3 Current and Long-Term Liabilities
7.4 Owner’s Equity and Capital Accounts
7.5 Interpreting Financial Position and Liquidity
7.6 Common Balance Sheet Errors
8.1 Nature and Importance of Cash Flow
8.2 Operating Activities
8.3 Investing Activities
8.4 Financing Activities
8.5 Profit vs Cash Flow
8.6 Common Cash Flow Problems of SMEs
8.7 Introduction to Cash Budgeting
PART IV – INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE TAXATION
9.1 Meaning and Purpose of Taxation
9.2 Characteristics and Principles of Taxation
9.3 Types of Philippine Taxes
9.4 Taxpayers and Tax Obligations
9.5 Role of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)
9.6 Importance of Tax Compliance for Businesses
10.1 Business Registration Requirements in the Philippines
10.2 DTI, SEC, and LGU Registration Overview
10.3 BIR Registration Process
10.4 Books of Accounts and Invoicing Requirements
10.5 Filing and Payment Responsibilities
10.6 Introduction to eBIRForms and eFPS
10.7 Penalties, Surcharges, and Interest
10.8 Common Registration and Compliance Mistakes
PART V – INCOME TAXATION
11.1 Employees and Self-Employed Individuals
11.2 Taxable vs Non-Taxable Income
11.3 Allowable Deductions and Optional Deductions
11.4 Basic Income Tax Computation
11.5 The 8% Income Tax Option
11.6 Sample Individual Income Tax Computations
11.7 Common Individual Tax Errors
12.1 Overview of Business Income Tax
12.2 Sole Proprietorships, Partnerships, and Corporations
12.3 Deductible and Non-Deductible Expenses
12.4 Optional Standard Deduction (OSD) vs Itemized Deductions
12.5 Minimum Corporate Income Tax (MCIT) Overview
12.6 Sample Business Income Tax Computations
12.7 Common Tax Compliance Errors
PART VI – BUSINESS TAXES AND WITHHOLDING TAXES
13.1 Nature and Purpose of VAT
13.2 VAT-Registered vs Non-VAT Businesses
13.3 Output VAT and Input VAT
13.4 Percentage Tax Fundamentals
13.5 VAT Filing and Compliance Basics
13.6 Sample VAT Computations
13.7 Common VAT Errors and Audit Findings
14.1 Concept and Purpose of Withholding Taxes
14.2 Expanded Withholding Tax (EWT)
14.3 Withholding Tax on Compensation
14.4 Final Withholding Tax Overview
14.5 ATC Codes and Basic Tax Mapping
14.6 Filing and Remittance Procedures
14.7 Sample Withholding Tax Computations
14.8 Common Withholding Tax Errors
PART VII – PAYROLL AND STATUTORY COMPLIANCE
15.1 Components of Payroll
15.2 Gross Pay, Mandatory Deductions, and Net Pay
15.3 Payroll Records and Internal Controls
15.4 Payroll Journal Entries
15.5 Payroll Computation Examples
15.6 Common Payroll Errors
16.1 Social Security System (SSS) Contributions
16.2 PhilHealth Contributions
16.3 Pag-IBIG Fund Contributions
16.4 Employer Compliance Responsibilities
16.5 Statutory Reportorial Requirements
16.6 Penalties for Non-Compliance
PART VIII – TAX COMPLIANCE, AUDITS, AND BUSINESS RISKS
17.1 Common Reasons for Tax Audits
17.2 Letter of Authority and Audit Procedures
17.3 Common Audit Findings and Deficiencies
17.4 Taxpayer Rights and Responsibilities
17.5 Importance of Documentation and Record Retention
17.6 Responding to BIR Notices
17.7 Avoiding Common Compliance Risks
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER
Albia Learning Hub, a learning platform operated by H.R. Albia Accounting Services, provides educational content for informational and learning purposes only. Course materials do not constitute legal, tax, audit, accounting, or professional advice. Philippine laws, tax regulations, accounting standards, and government issuances may change over time. Learners are encouraged to consult qualified professionals and official government agencies regarding specific concerns and updated compliance requirements.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
© 2026 H.R. Albia Accounting Services / Albia Learning Hub. All Rights Reserved. No part of this website, course materials, videos, worksheets, templates, modules, presentations, or downloadable content may be copied, reproduced, redistributed, uploaded, recorded, transmitted, or resold in any form without prior written permission from H.R. Albia Accounting Services and Learning Hub.